Burke's primary concern with these four master tropes is more than simply their figurative usage, but includes their role in the discovery and description of the truth. Kenneth Burke (1945), an American literary theorist, declared that in rhetoric, the four master tropes, or figures of speech, are metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony. The names of cities are used as shorthand for their sports teams to describe events and their outcomes, such as "Denver won Monday's game", while accuracy would require a sports team from the city won the game. Synecdoche is common in spoken English, especially in reference to sports. Moreover, catching the attention of an audience with advertising is often referred to by advertisers with the synedoche "getting eyeballs". Since synecdoche uses a part to represent a whole, its use requires the audience to make associations and "fill in the gaps", engaging with the ad by thinking about the product. Synecdoche is also popular in advertising. This practice is especially common in the Petrarchan sonnet, where the idealised beloved is often described part by part, head-to-toe. Sonnets and other forms of love poetry frequently use synecdoches to characterize the beloved in terms of individual body parts rather than a coherent whole. The Élysée Palace might indicate the President of the French Republic. For example, "the White House" can mean the Executive Office of the President of the United States " Buckingham Palace" can mean the crown of the United Kingdom "the Sublime Porte" can mean the Ottoman Empire and "the Kremlin" can mean the government of Russia. In politics, the residence or location of an executive can be used to represent the office itself. The figure of speech is divided into the image (what the speaker uses to refer to something) and the subject (what is referred to). An example of this is saying "the world" while referring to a certain country or part of the planet. A macrocosm is the opposite, using the name of the entire structure of something to refer to a small part. An example of this is saying "I need a hand" with a project, but needing the entire person. A microcosm uses a part of something to refer to the entirety. The two main types of synecdoche are microcosm and macrocosm. It is used in reference to political relations, including "having a footing", to mean a country or organization is in a position to act, or "the wrong hands", to describe opposing groups, usually in the context of military power. Synecdoche is often used as a type of personification by attaching a human aspect to a nonhuman thing. Metonymy: substituting an attribute of or object associated with something for the thing itself (e.g., substituting "The crown" for "The monarch"). ![]() ![]() Metaphor: changing a word from its literal meaning to one not properly applicable but analogous to it assertion of identity-rather than likeness as with simile.In Lanham's Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, the three terms possess somewhat restrictive definitions in tune with their etymologies from Greek: Synecdoche (and thus metonymy) is distinct from metaphor, although in the past, it was considered to be a sub-species of metaphor, intending metaphor as a type of conceptual substitution (as Quintilian does in Institutio oratoria Book VIII). Synecdoche is a rhetorical trope and a kind of metonymy-a figure of speech using a term to denote one thing to refer to a related thing. ( June 2020) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) There might be a discussion about this on the talk page. “… such a penance and the Arch-Priests vice-versa to be suspended and attained as Schismaticall.This section may be confusing or unclear to readers. One of the earliest examples of the phrase can be found in Anthony Copley’s Ananswere to a letter of a Jesuited gentleman by his cousin, : It is a loan word, meaning that it has been adopted from a foreign language with little to no modification.It is typically used as an adverb. The phrase comes from the 17 th century Latin words “vicis” which means an alteration (but it can also mean a place or position), and “vertere” which means to turn. She does not trust him, and vice versa.The engineers have just discovered a new device by the help of which are able to transfer from VHS tapes to DVDs and vice versa.“There are times when I’m really happy and I write something really sad, and vice versa.” - Juan Gabriel.Mothers infected by dengue may have babies with higher risk of severe Zika, and vice versa. ![]()
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